Concrete bridge abutment: Abutments support the ends of the bridge and transfer the loads from the superstructure into the ground.  Chain surveying: Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. Pitched roof types: A pitched roof is a roof that slopes downwards, typically in two parts at an angle from a central ridge, but sometimes in one part, from one edge to another. concrete pier and beam foundation: Pier and beam slabs consist of brick, stone or concrete piers and wooden beams that support the weight of the home.