Logical Fallacies

Argumentation and debate and logical fallacies

What is a Fallacy ? 

A fallacy is an erroneous argument dependent upon an unsound or illogical contention. There are many fallacy examples that we can find in everyday conversations.

Types of Fallacy

Here are a few well-known types of fallacy you might experience when making an argument:

• Appeal to Ignorance

Appeal to ignorance happens when one individual utilizes another individual’s lack of information on a specific subject as proof that his or her own particular argument is right.

• Appeal to Authority

This sort of error is also known as “Argumentum Verecundia” (argument from modesty). Instead of concentrating on the benefits of an argument, the arguer will attempt to append their argument to an individual of power or authority, in an effort to give trustworthiness to their argument.

• Appeal to Popular Opinion

This sort of appeal is when somebody asserts that a thought or conviction is correct, since it is the thing that the general population accepts.

• Association Fallacy

Sometimes called “guilt by affiliation,” this happens when somebody connects a particular thought or issue to something or somebody negative, so as to infer blame on another individual.

• Attacking the Person

Also regarded as “argumentum ad hominem” (argument against the man), this is a common fallacy used during debates, where an individual substitutes a rebuttal with a personal insult.

• Begging the Question

The conclusion of a contention is accepted as a statement of the inquiry itself.

• Circular Argument

This fallacy is also known as “circulus in probando.” This error is committed when an argument takes its evidence from an element inside the argument itself, instead of from an outside source.

• Relationship Implies Causation

Also called “cum hoc ergo propter hoc,” this fallacy is a deception in which the individual making the contention joins two occasions that happen consecutively, and accepts that one created or caused the other.

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