פרקים 1, 2 ספר אוטוביוגרפי כרך א – תרגום לאנגלית Chapters 1, 2 Autobiographical Book Vol. I – English Translation

David Avramov Autobiography – Volume 1 of 3 Parts

Contents

Chapter 1 – Background on Bulgarian Jewry and Family Origin

– Page 2

Chapter 2 Periods of Immigration to Israel of My Family , My Birth, Kindergarten and Elementary School 1952-1967

– Page 8

Chapter 1 – Background on Bulgarian Jewry Family Origin Bulgaria Bulgarian

Jewry is a multi-ethnicJewish community that has existed in the Bulgarian region from the 2nd century to the present day.

In 1945 the community reached its peak size and numbered 49,172 people.

The first Jews in Bulgaria were the Romanians.

Evidence of communities from the Roman Empire was found in the village of Gigan and in the cities of Plovdiv and Kyustendil.

During the period of the First Bulgarian Empire, the Jews of Bulgaria served as intermediaries against the Khazar kingdom, and during the period of the Second Bulgarian Empire they enjoyed freedom of worship and unprecedented occupations in medieval Europe.

In the late 14th century, deportees from the Kingdom of Hungary arrived in Bulgaria, and during the 15th century, deportees from France and Bavaria also arrived.

At the end of the 15th century, they arrived in the territories of the Ottoman Empire, including Bulgaria, deportees from Spain and Portugal at the invitation of the Ottoman sultan in the Second Isit.

The Jews of Spain, who were multilingual literati and included merchants and artisans, integrated into the Ottoman economic system and prospered.

Due to the size of the Sephardic community, members of the Romanian, Ashkenazi and Jewish communities from Hungary gradually assimilated into it.

The gradual decline of the Ottoman Empire was accompanied by many wars in the Bulgarian region and a gradual but significant deterioration in the economic situation of the Jews of Bulgaria.

Many Jewish refugees arrived in Bulgaria who fled following the withdrawal of the Ottoman army from the territories lost by the Ottomans in Europe.

After the Ottoman-Russian war (1878-1877), the Bulgarian Principality gained independence in practice, by virtue of the decisions of the Berlin Congress.

The New Bulgarian constitution secured extensive rights to minorities in the principality and the community appointed a chief rabbi who was brought outside the borders of Bulgaria and managed the communities in the various localities through a central consistory.

After the independence of Bulgaria, the Jewish education system was established through the schools of the entire network of Israel members and at the same time began the establishment of Community Schools.

The changes in Jewish public included a secular process, similar to Judaism in Europe as a whole, and the behavior of Jewish communities was replaced accordingly.

In the late 19th century, Zionist activity began in Bulgaria and affected immigration to Palestine.

The parishioners shared a settlement in Khorne, founded the colony on Mount Tov and were among the founders of the yavanal colony.

In 1898, a branch of the Zionist Organization was founded in Bulgaria.

The wide acceptance of the Zionist idea in the Jewish public was accompanied by heated public debate and even the struggle for control of the Jewish street,

Among the Zionist movement’s Hawks, the dignitaries of the wealthy families called notovels, and the Chief Rabbinate’s establishment led by Rabbi Mordechai ahernfreiz.

At the same time, there was a struggle for the image of Jewish education in Bulgaria between the community educational institutions controlled by the Zionist movement, and the heads of all Israel members (c”h).

All the battles were finally decided in favor of the Zionist movement, and the Chach network left Bulgaria.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Jews of Bulgaria numbered 33,307, and the Principality numbered 34 organized communities.

After the defeat of Bulgaria during the first World War, an acute economic and social crisis broke out in the country, which was accompanied by internal migration to the largest cities as a whole and mainly Sofia.

In the outbreak of World War II, about 48,000 Jews lived in Bulgaria and more than half of them lived in the capital Sofia. During the Second World War, Bulgarian Jews were persecuted by the Bulgarian government and were subject to the law on the protection of the nation that resembled in its format the laws of Nuremberg.

About 9,000 Jewish men were sent to forced labor.

Bulgaria that was the ally of Nazi Germany signed the three-sided agreement and the Wehrmacht entered the country without a fight and was enthusiastically accepted by the inhabitants of Bulgaria.

[1] the Germans used Bulgarian soil as an exit base for the conquest of Greece and Yugoslavia.

March 1943 was fateful in the history of the community.

On March 10, an attempt failed to expel them to at least 6,365 extermination camps from the Jews of “old Bulgaria” due to a stubborn struggle led by the heads of various communities.

Assisted by a handful of politicians and heads of the Bulgarian church.

At the same time, the Bulgarians deported to Treblinka the 11,343 Jews of Thrace, Vaardar Macedonia and Detail.

In May, some 19,000 Sofia Jews were deported to the field cities, and later many hundreds of Jews from other major cities were also deported.

After the end of the war, Zionist activity in the country resumed, and in a fierce struggle for control of the Jewish street between the Zionists and the Jewish Communists, immigration also gradually resumed.

The process of immigration accelerated after the establishment of the State of Israel with the help of the communist authorities and most of the members of the community left Bulgaria.

At the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, a maximum of 4,000 Jews lived in Bulgaria.

Quoted from Wikipedia See more information there.

The Jews of Bulgaria – A Crime Between Them and Death – Moshe Musk

An article describing Bulgarian Jewry during the Holocaust

http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206589.pdf

The Bulgarian community was the only Jewish community of any country in the world in which there were Jews in which no Jew perished during the Holocaust.

Thanks to Bulgarian Jewry who advocated loving your neighbor as yourself

and therefore the Bulgarian people protected the Jews because they knew their giving in the days as their correction.

My parents’ family and my grandparents were born in Bulgaria.

My grandfather was a wealthy man – David Hasson – after whom I was named.

He greatly helped the inhabitants of Bulgaria for Jews and non-Jews, he was the representative of the community in the Bulgarian government and in the Bulgarian royal house and they always provided him with what he wanted (for Jews).

Bulgarian Jewry 47000 Jews who were not harmed by the Nazis thanks to the lifestyle of and love your neighbor as yourself

thanks to my grandfather who was the richest man from Bulgarian Jewry who helped Jews first

and every month would bring a suitcase full of money to King Boris who gave to the Minister of Welfare to distribute to the poor.

This information about my grandfather is not mentioned in the history books of Bulgaria for fear of being interpreted as bribery.

When the Nazis appealed to the Bulgarian king to put the Jews on the accursed trains to transport them to their deaths on the trains and to those left in the crematoria, the king replied that he should consult and return an answer.

In consultation with government ministers and clergy representatives, he received a statement from them “about our dead body.”

After a week of his negative response to the Nazis – he was murdered by them.

The Jews were immediately dispersed to villages far from the cities.

The villagers were half collaborators and half were partisans and they defended the Jews.

Dad studied medicine because his multi-minded family did not have the financial means and since his brother studied medicine he used his books.

My father Dr. Avramov Meir was a gynecologist and did wonders in his care of the villagers and received eggs on the one hand and chickens on the other.

Chapter 2 Periods of immigration to Israel of my family, birth, compulsory kindergarten and elementary school 1952-1967

In 1952, my parents, along with my grandparents and one-year-old brother, immigrated to Israel.

My grandfather leaves his fortune and assets in trust with a Bulgarian resident who helped him a lot.

My parents immigrated to Israel without property except with my one-year-old baby brother.

They arrive in Ramla, where my father settles in an Arab house and begins working as a gynecologist.

My mother serves as a nurse who is in charge of the appointments and also helps him in the treatment room.

I was born on November 5, 1953 and my grandparents take care of the children.

After about 5 years, we move to live on a key fee in Tel Aviv in the Ben Zion district in the corner of Habima in 1909.

The parents work from morning to noon in Ramla and in the afternoon until 8:00 PM in Tel Aviv.

The care of the children is continued by grandparents.

The situation of having a clinic at home does not allow me to have friends at home and I can only go to visit friends at home.

My grandfather was named after him – David Hasson – was a man who needed company and loved playing cards and also with money.

One day went to my grandfather Discount Bank was owned by the Recanati family (interesting lives next door SD Ben-Zion), and ask for a loan of 1000 shekels (since we did not want to ask my father.)

Discount Bank was identified with the Jews of the Balkans.

Ask him if he has confidence and he said, certainly Bulgaria trust in the Bulgarian particular they will receive from a guarantee.

they told him to come the next day and continue the process.

The next will come my grandfather Bank, told him to sit down and gave him a glass of water and brought a doctor.

he asked me why I need a doctor I am not sick now.

then he was told Bulgaria joined stung He took all the money and fled Bulgaria and could not be located.

My grandfather went into depression.

My father started giving him a monthly allowance and told him he could not get too much a month because he gambled and would be able to use the money accordingly.

Despite my young age I felt my grandfather’s disappointment Frustration, sadness.

His friends you were playing cards with did not believe at first that he had no money because he remembered that he was a very wealthy man.

Then they also gave him money because in the past he helped them a lot.

Grandpa changed he was not the same happy grandfather who gives to all his surroundings.