Rise Vol. 1 Issue No. 10

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Lucy Tayiah Eads, Born: October 4, 1888, Indian Territory.

The first woman to serve as principal chief of the Kaw Nation, Lucy Tayiah Eads was born October 4, 1888, in a tipi on the banks of Beaver Creek, Indian Territory, now Oklahoma, to Little Tayiah and Lezitte (Mo Jan Ah Hoe) Bertrand. Named Cha-me “Little Deer,” her father was a Kansa Indian and her mother was Kansa and Potawatomi.

Eads was born during a tragic era for the Kansa people. During the early 19th century the Kansas or Kaws occupied much of what would become eastern Kansas. Treaties diminished their lands to 20 square miles near Council Grove, and in 1873 the people were moved to 100,000 acres on the Osage Reservation in present day Kay County, Oklahoma. No dwellings existed to accommodate the 500 Kaw men, women, and children. Amid poverty, sickness, and discontent, Washungah was elected principal chief in 1885.

When Eads was only five years old her parents died of starvation. She and her younger brother, Emmett (Ki He Kah Mah She), were left orphans. According to tribal tradition, Chief Washungah adopted and raised the children. He died in 1908 before Emmett was 18. Eads was trained as a nurse at Haskell Institute in Lawrence and she soon moved to New York. In about 1908 she married Herbert Edward Kimber. The couple had three daughters. They divorced and she married John Rhea Eads around 1913. They had six children.

The Kaws were left for several years without a principal chief after Washungah’s death. In November 1922 the people elected Eads the first female chief of the Kaw, and a council of eight members. “I cannot tell just yet how I feel about being chosen chief of the Kaws for the honor is too new,” Eads commented in the Tulsa Daily World, November 2, 1922. “I fully realize the responsibilities which I have assumed, but I appreciate the opportunity I have to help my people.”

In 1924 Eads delivered a petition to the Commission of Indian Affairs in Washington, D.C., to reestablish the Kaw Agency. She was invited to the 1929 presidential inauguration for Herbert Hoover and Charles Curtis, vice president from Kansas, and fellow Kaw. Eads made education a priority for her people. She was reelected principal chief, but the government agency was abolished in 1928. Eads later worked as a nurse at Haskell. The family was living in Pawhuska, Oklahoma, when she died October 11, 1961.

https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/lucy-tayiah-eads/18324

Florence B. Seibert (born Oct. 6, 1897, Easton, Pa., U.S.—died Aug. 23, 1991, St. Petersburg, Fla.)

During her long and distinguished career, Florence Seibert made important contributions to science and to the advancement of medicine. Because of her work it became possible to test accurately for tuberculosis, and intravenous drug therapy became safe.

Dr. Seibert succeeded in isolating Purified Protein Derivative, thus making possible the isolation of the active substance of pure tuberculin. This work, done in the l930s, is now the international standard for tuberculin made in the world. She perfected a new distillation process that eliminated pyrogens (fever producing chemicals) from the distilled water used in intravenous therapy, thus making that therapy safe.

Seibert worked until her retirement at the Henry Phipps Institute of the University of Pennsylvania. After retirement she volunteered for 13 more years in programs examining the etiology of cancer.

https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/florence-b-seibert/

Annie Smith Peck (Born October 19, 1850)

After four years and five attempts, sixty-year-old Annie Smith Peck reached the summit of Peru’s Mount Huascaran. She was the first person to scale this peak. It had never been accurately measured, so at the time she believed she had climbed the highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere, the apex of America. In addition, she believed she had broken the world’s altitude record for men as well as women.

Though the mountain was a few thousand feet smaller than she guessed, the climb was nevertheless called “one of the most remarkable feats in the history of mountain climbing.” Peck later wrote that nothing she had imagined was as terrible as the actual experience, “a horrible nightmare,” as one of her Swiss guides lost a hand and half a foot to frostbite.

Peck’s ascent of Mt. Huascaran on August 6, 1906.
A very public conflict ensued, implying that she had exaggerated the height of the mountain to magnify her own personal achievement. This controversy, she said, was harder for her than the climb itself had been. She wrote several anguished letters to Robert E. Peary, who himself had been challenged about his claim of reaching the North Pole. She told him that the questions that had been raised of her honor and integrity nearly negated the great victory of her climb. To this day, however, Peck remains the only woman to make a first ascent on a major world peak.

She was almost eighty when airlines began transporting passengers. Ready for a new adventure, Peck undertook a seven-month journey, mostly by airplane, across South America. When she returned to New York, she wrote and published Flying over South America: Twenty Thousand Miles by Air. The year was 1932. She died three years later after a short illness.

https://www.loe.org/series/story.html?seriesID=13&blogID=2

Indigenous Peoples Day

The first documented observance of Columbus Day in the United States took place in New York City in 1792, on the 300th anniversary of Columbus’s landfall in the Western Hemisphere. The holiday originated as an annual celebration of Italian–American heritage in San Francisco in 1869. In 1934, at the request of the Knights of Columbus and New York City’s Italian community, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declared the first national observance of Columbus Day. President Roosevelt and the U.S. Congress made October 12 a national holiday in 1937. In 1972 President Richard Nixon signed a proclamation making the official date of the holiday the second Monday in October.

In the forefront of the minds of many Native people throughout the Western Hemisphere, however, is the fact the colonial takeovers of the Americas, starting with Columbus, led to the deaths of millions of Native people and the forced assimilation of survivors. Generations of Native people have protested Columbus Day. In 1977, for example, participants at the United Nations International Conference on Discrimination against Indigenous Populations in the Americas proposed that Indigenous Peoples’ Day replace Columbus Day.

Indigenous Peoples’ Day recognizes that Native people are the first inhabitants of the Americas, including the lands that later became the United States of America. And it urges Americans to rethink history.

The movement to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples’ Day has gained momentum and spread to states, cities, and towns across the United States. The first state to rename Columbus Day was South Dakota in 1990. Hawai’i has also changed the name of its October 12 holiday to Discovers’ Day in honor of the Polynesian navigators who peopled the islands. Berkeley, California, became the first city to make the change in 1992, when the city council renamed Columbus Day as Indigenous Peoples’ Day. In 2015 an estimated 6,000 Native people and their supporters gathered at Randall’s Island, New York, to recognize the survival of the Indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere. The demonstration’s success and the worldwide media attention it attracted planted the seeds for creating an Indigenous Peoples’ Day in New York City.

On Monday, October 8, 2018, states, cities, towns, counties, community groups, churches, universities, schools, and other institutions will observe Indigenous Peoples’ Day or Native American Day with activities that raise awareness of the rich history, culture, and traditions of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. They will do so thanks to Native people, their supporters, and others who have gathered for decades and continue to gather now at prayer vigils, powwows, symposiums, concerts, lectures, rallies, and classrooms to help America rethink American history.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/national-museum-american-indian/2019/10/11/indigenous-peoples-day-2019/

Halloween’s origins date back to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in). The Celts, who lived 2,000 years ago, mostly in the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom and northern France, celebrated their new year on November 1.

This day marked the end of summer and the harvest and the beginning of the dark, cold winter, a time of year that was often associated with human death. Celts believed that on the night before the new year, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred. On the night of October 31 they celebrated Samhain, when it was believed that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth.

In addition to causing trouble and damaging crops, Celts thought that the presence of the otherworldly spirits made it easier for the Druids, or Celtic priests, to make predictions about the future. For a people entirely dependent on the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an important source of comfort during the long, dark winter.

To commemorate the event, Druids built huge sacred bonfires, where the people gathered to burn crops and animals as sacrifices to the Celtic deities. During the celebration, the Celts wore costumes, typically consisting of animal heads and skins, and attempted to tell each other’s fortunes.

When the celebration was over, they re-lit their hearth fires, which they had extinguished earlier that evening, from the sacred bonfire to help protect them during the coming winter.

By 43 A.D., the Roman Empire had conquered the majority of Celtic territory. In the course of the 400 years that they ruled the Celtic lands, two festivals of Roman origin were combined with the traditional Celtic celebration of Samhain.

The first was Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans traditionally commemorated the passing of the dead. The second was a day to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple, and the incorporation of this celebration into Samhain probably explains the tradition of bobbing for apples that is practiced today on Halloween.

https://www.history.com/topics/halloween/history-of-halloween