My ebook for the course

hello this is my ebook

In my ebook, I will discuss a singer from the 20th century, and the artist I have chosen is Fayrouz, a Lebanese singer.

Fayrouz, born Nouhad Haddad on November 20, 1935, is a legendary Lebanese singer and cultural icon. Widely known as the “Diva of Arabic Music,” she has had a profound impact on the music scene in the Arab world and beyond. Fayrouz’s career spans several decades, and her contributions to Arabic music, particularly during the mid-20th century, have earned her a special place in the hearts of fans.

Fayrouz’s musical repertoire is diverse, encompassing various genres such as classical Arabic, folk, and contemporary music. She rose to fame in the 1950s and 1960s, collaborating extensively with her husband, Assi Rahbani, and his brother Mansour Rahbani, who together formed a renowned musical trio. The Rahbani brothers composed many of Fayrouz’s most beloved songs, blending traditional Middle Eastern melodies with innovative arrangements.

One of Fayrouz’s most famous albums is “Kifak Inta” (1983), featuring the timeless title track. Her voice is characterized by its unique timbre, emotional depth, and versatility, allowing her to convey a wide range of emotions in her performances.

Apart from her musical career, Fayrouz has been a symbol of unity and resilience in Lebanon. Her songs often carry messages of love, patriotism, and hope, resonating with audiences not only for their musical brilliance but also for their cultural significance.

Over the years, Fayrouz has received numerous accolades and honors for her contributions to the arts, solidifying her status as one of the most esteemed and enduring figures in Arabic music history.

the song “Kifak Inta” that means “how are you” or in hebrew means ” מה שלומך” :

Career

1950s: Establishment of a New Star

In 1957, Fairuz’s inaugural large-scale concert unfolded as part of the Baalbeck International Festival under the patronage of Lebanese President Camille Chamoun. Performing in the Folkloric section, representing “The Lebanese Nights,” she earned one Lebanese pound. The collaboration with the Rahbani brothers burgeoned, evolving from small skits to full-fledged musical operettas, becoming a festival mainstay until Lebanon’s civil war.

Fairuz’s fame soared in the 1960s and 1970s as she voiced support for the Palestinian cause, producing poignant songs. The Rahbani trio revolutionized Lebanese music by infusing western sounds, breaking away from the dominant Egyptian style. They embraced shorter three-minute songs in the Lebanese dialect, resonating with a rapidly modernizing Beirut. Fairuz, dubbed the “First Lady of Lebanese singing” by Halim Roumi, became a pivotal figure, contributing to the evolution of oriental music.

In 1971, Fairuz gained international acclaim with a major North American tour, captivating Arab-American and American audiences. Her global reach extended to numerous countries, solidifying her status as a cultural ambassador.

1970s: Challenges and Triumphs

In 1972, Assi Rahbani, Fairuz’s husband and collaborator, suffered a brain hemorrhage. Despite health challenges, the Rahbani family persevered, with Ziad Rahbani, Fairuz’s son, playing a significant role in maintaining their musical legacy.

The trio toured Europe and the Persian Gulf nations in 1978, experiencing both triumph and adversity. Assi Rahbani’s deteriorating health led to his eventual passing in 1986, marking the end of an era.

Lebanese Civil War Era: A Voice of Unity

Fairuz’s prominence surged during the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). Remaining in Lebanon, she and the Rahbani brothers used their music to express dissent for the war, taking non-partisan stances. Amid the war’s complexity, Fairuz emerged as a unifying figure, representing stability in a tumultuous time. Her refusal to take sides resonated with a divided nation, making her more than just an entertainer but a symbol of Lebanon.

1980s: A New Production Team

Following the artistic parting of ways with the Rahbani brothers in 1979, Fairuz collaborated with her son, Ziad Rahbani, and others. Ziad’s influence drove Fairuz’s music in new directions, departing from nostalgic nationalism to explore jazz and funk influences. This era marked a transition in Fairuz’s style and artistic evolution.

Late 1980s: International Recognition

In 1988, Fairuz made a noteworthy appearance on French TV, showcasing her rehearsals for a concert at Paris Bercy. She received the medal of Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres from then French Minister of Culture Jack Lang. This period also saw the release of her first CD, “The Very Best of Fairuz,” featuring the iconic song “Aatini al Nay wa ghanni.”

Fairuz’s career exemplifies a remarkable journey through the dynamic landscape of Lebanese and international music, embracing innovation while preserving her cultural roots.

Lebanese Civil War Era: A Voice of Unity

Fairuz’s prominence surged during the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). Remaining in Lebanon, she and the Rahbani brothers used their music to express dissent for the war, taking non-partisan stances. Amid the war’s complexity, Fairuz emerged as a unifying figure, representing stability in a tumultuous time. Her refusal to take sides resonated with a divided nation, making her more than just an entertainer but a symbol of Lebanon.

1980s: A New Production Team

Following the artistic parting of ways with the Rahbani brothers in 1979, Fairuz collaborated with her son, Ziad Rahbani, and others. Ziad’s influence drove Fairuz’s music in new directions, departing from nostalgic nationalism to explore jazz and funk influences. This era marked a transition in Fairuz’s style and artistic evolution.

Late 1980s: International Recognition

In 1988, Fairuz made a noteworthy appearance on French TV, showcasing her rehearsals for a concert at Paris Bercy. She received the medal of Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres from then French Minister of Culture Jack Lang. This period also saw the release of her first CD, “The Very Best of Fairuz,” featuring the iconic song “Aatini al Nay wa ghanni.”

Fairuz’s career exemplifies a remarkable journey through the dynamic landscape of Lebanese and international music, embracing innovation while preserving her cultural roots.

Honors and Awards

Fairuz’s illustrious career has been adorned with numerous honors and awards, solidifying her status as a cultural icon and musical legend. Here are some highlights:

Global Impact:

• For decades, Fairuz’s songs have been a staple for morning broadcasts on radio stations across the Arab world. Especially during the Lebanese Civil War, her music provided a source of solace and unity, offering a patriotic melody of peace and love.
• The Guardian recognized her as a storyteller who, through her songs, painted a picture of Lebanon, contributing to the nation’s identity just 14 years after gaining independence.

Recognition in Lebanon:

• In Lebanese culture, where divisions and conflicting opinions prevail, Fairuz stands as a symbol of unity, bridging gaps through her music.
• Billboard, in 1997, acknowledged her enduring influence, declaring her the “supreme Diva of Lebanon” even after five decades in the industry.
• The New York Times, in 1999, described Fairuz as a living icon without equal. Her rise to fame coincided with Lebanon’s transformation into a vibrant cultural and financial hub in the Arab world.

International Acclaim:

• In a 2008 article, the BBC hailed Fairuz as the legendary Lebanese singer and the greatest living Arab diva, recognizing her global impact.
• The Independent, in an exploration of world music, emphasized Fairuz’s unparalleled significance. Young female singers in the region were deemed as clones of her, highlighting her pivotal role in shaping the musical landscape.

Cross-Country Honors:

• Fairuz has received honors from various countries, including Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Tunisia, the United States, Egypt, and France.
• François Mitterrand, the President of France, awarded her the Order of Arts and Letters in 1988, acknowledging her immense contributions to the arts.
• Jacques Chirac, then President of France, bestowed upon her the Legion of Honour in 1998 (Chevalier), recognizing her outstanding achievements and impact on cultural heritage.

Fairuz’s extensive list of honors reflects not only her musical prowess but also her ability to transcend borders and bring people together through the universal language of music. Her legacy continues to resonate globally, leaving an indelible mark on the world of music and culture.

some preferred songs: 

1. Hadeer el bosta- عهدير البوسطة :

2.Natarona kteer- نطرونا كثير  :

3. Faeyk ya hawa – فايق يا هوى :