Introduction
ADDIE is an acronym for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate.
ADDIE is a product development concept. The ADDIE concept is being applied here for constructing performance-based learning. The educational philosophy for this application of ADDIE is that intentional learning should be student-centered, innovative, authentic, and inspirational.

Analyze

The purpose of the Analyze phase is to identify the probable causes for a performance gap. Upon completion of the Analyze phase, you should be able to determine if the instruction will close the performance gap, propose the degree to which
instruction will close the gap, and recommend strategies to close the performance gap based on empirical evidence about the potential for success.

Design

The purpose of the Design phase is to verify the desired performances and appropriate testing methods. Upon completion of the Design phase, you should be able to prepare a set of functional specifications for closing the performance gap due to a lack of knowledge and skills. The Design phase establishes the ‘‘Line of Sight’’ for progressing through the
remaining ADDIE phases.

Develop

The purpose of the Develop phase is to generate and validate selected learning resources. Upon completion of the Develop phase, you should be able to identify all of the resources that will be needed to undertake the planned episodes of intentional learning. By the end of the Develop phase, you should also have selected or developed all of the tools needed to implement the planned instruction, evaluate the instructional outcomes, and complete the remaining phases of the ADDIE instructional design process.

Implement

The purpose of the Implement phase is to prepare the learning environment and engage the students. The common procedures associated with the Implement phase are to prepare the teacher and to prepare the student. Upon completion of the Implement phase, you should be able to move to the actual
learning environment where the student can begin to construct the new knowledge and skills required to close the performance gap. The Implement phase indicates the conclusion of development activities and the end of formative evaluation.

Evaluate

The purpose of the Evaluate phase is to assess the quality of the instructional products and processes, both before and after implementation. The common procedures associated with the Evaluate phase are associated with determining the evaluation criteria, selecting the proper evaluation tools, and conducting evaluations. Upon completion of the Evaluate phase, you should be able to identify your successes, recommend improvements for subsequent projects that are similar in scope, close any accounts related to this project, relinquish any ad hoc authority vested in you for this project, stop all work, transfer all responsibility for implementation and evaluation of the project to the designated administrator or manager, and adjourn the design and development team.

References

1. Santrock, J. W. (2006). Essentials of life-span development. New Your: McGraw Hill.
2. Smith, P. L., & Ragan, T. J. (2005). Instructional design (3rd ed). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
3. R.M. Branch, Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach,
   DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6_1, Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2009